Chapter 3: About theoretical questions
Section 1
About the law of action and reaction
This experimental device isn't against the law of action and reaction at all. Lorentz force acts on electron pairs of the superconductive magnet according to the law of action and reaction. The impulse by acting Lorentz force only cannot change the motion of center of gravity of electron pairs. Then, it is thought that the impulse which could not change the motion of center of gravity of electron pairs changes into the heat. An electric motor is using a similar phenomenon. The motor turns a pivot and gives rotary kinetic energy. Then, the motor itself must rotate when it follows the law of action and reaction. Nevertheless, its main body doesn't counter-rotate. It is owing to the weight of the motor and fixing it to the floor. The momentum order only plays a part same as the motor's weight and the floor.
If saying strictly about the case of the motor, there was pointing-out that the main body of the motor and the floor are moving. However, the movement based on the reaction doesn't prevent human beings from making use of the rotary kinetic energy of the pivot of the motor. As for my device, the reaction is changed into the heat and does not prevent human beings from making use of the kinetic energy of the normal conductor fixed on the superconductive magnet, too.
Section 2
The electromagnetic force of the permanent magnet
It is to think of the phenomenon that electromagnetic force arises when a small permanent magnet is brought closer and farer to a superconductive magnet with human hands. In this case, magnetic force acts on the permanent magnet without a problem. The problem doesn't lie in needing strong force to move the permanent magnet close to the superconductive magnet at all. This is unrelated to the regulation by the momentum order. Well, how will the force to act on the superconductive magnet be? It is supposed that the force acts on the superconductive magnet when moving the permanent magnet near the superconductive magnet. As for this force, first, it is thought that the permanent magnet and the normal conductive part of the superconductive magnet which is magnetized by the magnetic field of the permanent current give magnetic force to each other. Then, it is thought that this case gave the magnetic field which moves at very lower speed than the one of the ripple current. As comparing with the velocity of light of the ripple current, to bring the permanent magnet closer and farer to the superconductive magnet with human hands is temporally slow. Electron pairs of the permanent current flowing through the superconductive coil receive influence by the magnetic field of the permanent magnet which temporally doesn't change much and each electron pair receives impulse above the fixed size in the fixed time t. Therefore, the change of momentum takes place, and this change of momentum accumulates and the electromagnetic force arises to the superconductive magnet. Then, it is thought even if the electromagnetic force acting on the superconductive magnet becomes small by the momentum order, that is difficult to be noticed. Because it is ordinary that, in case of ordinary experiments, too, superconductive magnets are desired and fixed not to move.
Section 3
Comparison of ripple current and alternating current at my device
The ripple current has very low voltage and very high frequency at my device. As the ripple current of very low voltage is planned to send, the power of the wave motion of the magnetic field by the ripple current becomes weak and has no bad influence on the superconductive magnet unlike a usual alternating current has. If comparing the ripple current which I think of with an alternate current which have the same voltage with it, following points are different from the alternating current.
1.
As for the half of the time when the ripple current flows, the electric current is zero. Therefore, the temporal leeway that makes the regulation by the momentum order succeed is given. I think, on the other hand, the leeway that makes the regulation by the momentum order succeed is not given when the alternating current flows since continuously the electric current whose direction turns flows. In case of alternating currents, when they cross x-axis they become zero momentary, but expect for the moment electric currents flows continuously, the impulse changes into momentum and electromagnetic force may arise.
2.
The ripple current has only either positive or negative ingredient. And the direction of lines of magnetic force which the ripple current gives to the superconductive magnet is constant. On the contrary, the alternating current has both positive and negative ingredients. And the direction of lines of magnetic force which the alternating current gives turns. I think that the turning of the lines of magnetic force becomes a problem for the "pinning" of the magnetic flux of the superconductive magnet. The magnetic flux is penetrating into the superconductive coil, it acts on the permanent current, and the electromagnetic force arises. And the "pinning" prevents the magnetic flux from moving towards outside in response to the electromagnetic force and keeps the superconductivity.
Thinking of the electromagnetic force when the magnetic field of an alternate current is given to the superconductive magnet, this magnetic flux is thought to be a vector made by combining the flux of the superconductive magnets with the flux of the alternate current as a vector. In case of the alternating current, it is to think of the flux before and after the turning of the lines of magnetic force. Then, the change of the strength of the lines of magnetic force by the change of the strength of the alternating current, i.e. the change of the length of the vector of the lines of magnetic force is added to this. It is to think of the change of the direction of the combined vector in this case.
On the other hand, in case of the ripple current, it is not to think of the turning of the lines of magnetic field but to think of the change of the strength of the lines of magnetic force by the change of the strength of the ripple current, i.e. the change of the length of the vector of the lines of magnetic force. As for the ripple current, too, it is to think of the change of the direction of the combined vector.
When thinking of the angle of the change of the direction of the move of this combined vector, the average of the case of the alternating current can be said to be twice the case of the ripple current. Since the direction of the eternal electric current is constant, the change of the direction of the lines of magnetic force causes a change of the direction of the electromagnetic force. In case of the alternating current, the change of the direction of twice of the angle of the ripple current occurs continuously and the force by the magnetic field of the alternating current is continuously added to the "pinning". I think that this increases the danger that the "pinning" becomes invalid and that a crucial problem occurs to the superconductivity. On the other hand, in case of the ripple current, I think that the "pinning" can keep its effect because the change of the direction of the lines of magnetic force is 1/2 of the alternating current, and the force by the magnetic field of the ripple current is added intermittently to the "pinning".
I think that above differences are important at my device. With these differences, the continuous alternating current which has both positive and negative ingredients makes a problem for the superconductivity of the superconductive magnet, but the intermittent ripple current of very low voltage and very high frequency which has either positive or negative ingredient makes my device function.
Section 4
About the increase of entropy
I answer as follows to the question whether my device creates energy with good quality without increasing entropy and that is against the 2nd law of thermodynamics. Like electric motors, reaction has occurred but my device is only neutralizing it by using another force. Also, my device consumes electric power like motors. The refrigerators and ripple current consume electric power. Do you think that by my device you can get better energy than usual case A where electromagnetic force remains? I attempt to compare case A with case B considering the existence or non-existence of neutralizing electromagnetic force. It is possible to say case A is more excellent if seeing the whole physically. Because, as long as the action and the reaction occur separately, it can be thought that case A makes twice as much kinetic energy in the natural world as case B. And, I have no intention to say that electromagnetic force doesn't occur at all. From the viewpoint of usefulness for human beings, truly useful case is B of my device. But it is from the viewpoint of usefulness for human beings from first to last. And it is not from the physical viewpoint. Also, standing at the viewpoint of using electromagnetic force and its reaction, case A is better from the viewpoint of usefulness for human beings.
As above described, you cannot say case B is physically more excellent than case A. Then, I am comparing the case where the electromagnetic force is neutralized by the characteristic of superconductivity with usual case where the electromagnetic force is left. It is admitted that the usual case where the electromagnetic force is left is not contrary to physical rules such as the 2nd law of thermodynamics as long as Fleming's left-hand rule is right. Therefore, I think that my device which uses case B less excellent than case A is not contrary to the 2nd law of thermodynamics.
[ Figure 4 ]
Section 5
About circular electric currents
"To treat superconductive bodies where vortexes are stored as just like homogeneous one is a problem. Around vortexes, the momentum of Cooper pairs isn't uniform. Most of net electric currents in the 2nd kind superconductive bodies are caused by the gradient of vortex density. Around vortexes, a part of Cooper pairs becomes circular electric currents. As for the rest of the Cooper pairs, the speed of the motion of center of gravity is zero. But net circular electric currents don't become zero when there is the concentration gradient of the vortexes. The circular electric currents become the net electric current of the whole macro superconductor. In the meaning, when handling a net electric current, in any case, if thinking of homogeneous superconductor, our discussion doesn't stand up."
As for this question, I answer as follows.
Surely the net electric current is caused by the concentration gradient of vortexes and you use the material of the 2nd kind un- homogeneous superconductor to secure the net electric current. Also, there are Cooper pairs with different momentum around the vortexes. However, it is only the net electric current that becomes a problem with my device and the other Cooper pairs don't become a problem. The net electric current, Cooper pairs of the eternal current, are doing the motion of center of gravity with the same momentum and can change only all together.
Why don't the Cooper pairs which don't compose the net electric current become a problem? The reason is the following. It is the strong net electric current that is making the strong magnetic field in the outside of superconductor. The strong magnetic field made by the strong net current makes electromagnetic force to the cable. I am making electromagnetic force acting on the net electric current as reaction a problem. Then, as long as a circular electric current composes a permanent electric current when it composes a net electric current and becomes a part of the net electric current, it rightly follows the momentum order. The eternal current follows the momentum order. Otherwise observed eternal currents would be attenuated. When you think that circular electric currents which remain by the gradient of vortex density are all of the net current, they are exactly the permanent electric current, eternal current. When you think a part of the circular electric currents composes the net electric current, if you think the circular electric currents don't follow the momentum order, it disturbs the momentum order of remaining eternal currents and the observed eternal currents would be attenuated.
There is an opinion to "It disturbs the momentum order of remaining eternal currents and the observed eternal currents would be attenuated." as follows.
"If vortexes are stored, the motion itself of Cooper pairs is changing locally. The kinetic energy is increasing as much as that. However, it is necessary to be careful of energy dissipation's not occurring with the other Cooper pairs. Also, it can be thought that the eternal current to the direction of the length of the coil is carried through the wire rods by the circular electric currents themselves around the vortexes. Because as a whole the circular electric current isn't canceled out by the gradient of the vortex distribution."
I answer this as follows.
The circular electric current, too, is the permanent electric current which will not be attenuated. As long as it is a permanent electric current, it follows the momentum order not to be attenuated. Then, in my theory, it may neutralize the local influence of the magnetic fluxes, too. That is, I think that the circular electric current is a micro superconductive magnet, and that it may neutralize the influence of the magnetic fluxes like usual superconductive magnets through which macro eternal currents flow. As the circular electric current follows the momentum order, it can compose the macro eternal current which follows the momentum order, without contradiction.
Then, as the direction of motion of the macro eternal current is changing with circulating through the coil, you cannot help generalizing its direction as the direction of the way for the electric current. Then, I think that the circular electric current, too, can be incorporated as the way for the electric current, as the shunt current of the macro electric current. That is, I think that the net electric current and the circular electric current compose one circuit in a body in the superconductive coil and that they as a whole follow the momentum order.
Also, the branching and joining between the circular electric currents and the net electric current, or the branching and joining between the circular electric currents are described as follows. That is, the net electric current flows through the direction of the tangent line to the circular electric current and it branches in the point of tangency. At the point of tangency the direction of the net electric current and the circular electric current agrees with the direction of the tangent line. As they are in another part of the circuit except the point of tangency, they may change their direction like the macro eternal current.
In the same way, between the circular electric currents, they exchange an electric current at the point of tangency.